Waxaa qoray José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - Mashiinnada polyetylen-ka cufan ee sarreeya ayaa caan ku ah xakamaynta meelaha qashinka, macdanta, biyaha wasakhda ah, iyo qaybaha kale ee muhiimka ah.In ka yar laga wada hadlay laakiin qiimaynta mudani waa qiimaynta sare ee raad-kaarboonka ee geomembrane HDPE ay bixiso caqabado dhaqameed sida dhoobo la isku daray.
Xadhkaha 1.5mm (60-mil) HDPE wuxuu ku siin karaa shaabad la mid ah 0.6m oo tayo sare leh, dhoobo isku duuban oo isku mid ah waxayna dhalisaa awood ka hooseysa 1 x 10-11 m/sec ( per ASTM D 5887).HDPE-ga geomembrane ayaa markaa ka sarreeya guud ahaan impermeability iyo cabbiraadaha waara marka qofku eego diiwaanka sayniska oo buuxa, iyada oo la tixgelinayo dhammaan khayraadka iyo tamarta wax soo saarka dhoobada iyo geomembrane HDPE si loo isticmaalo lakabka xannibaadda.
Habka geosynthetic wuxuu bixiyaa, sida xogtu muujinayso, xal deegaan ahaan u wanaagsan.
KAARBON FOOTPRINT & FEATURES HDPE GEOMEMBRANE
Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee HDPE waa monomer ethylene, kaas oo polymerized si loo sameeyo polyetylen.Kaaliyeyaasha ugu muhiimsan waa aluminium trialkylitatanium tetrachloride iyo chromium oxide
Polymerization of ethylene iyo co-monomers galay HDPE waxay ku dhacdaa reactor joogitaanka hydrogen oo heerkul ah ilaa 110 ° C (230F).Ka dib budada HDPE ee ka soo baxday ayaa lagu quudin doonaa pelletizer.
SOTRAFA waxay adeegsataa nidaam calandred ah (flat die) si ay uga dhigto geomembrane HDPE-ga aasaasiga ah (ALVATECH HDPE) pellets-kan.
Aqoonsiga GHG iyo CO2 u dhigma
Gaasaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee lagu daray qiimaynta raad-kaarboonka ayaa ahaa GHG-yada aasaasiga ah ee lagu tixgaliyo hab-maamuusyadan: kaarboon laba ogsaydh, methane, iyo nitrous oxide.Gaas kastaa waxa uu leeyahay heerar kala duwan oo ka iman kara kulaylka caalamiga ah (GWP), kaas oo ah cabirka inta cuf ee gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo uu ka qayb qaato kulaylka caalamiga ah ama isbedelka cimilada.
Kaarboon laba ogsaydh qeexan ayaa la soo saaray GWP ah 1.0.Si qiyaas ahaan loogu daro tabarucaadyada methane iyo nitrous oxide ee saamaynta guud, tirada methane iyo nitrous oxide qiiqa waxaa lagu dhufto qodobbada GWP ee kala duwan ka dibna lagu daro qiiqa tirada badan ee kaarboon laba ogsaydh si loo xisaabiyo "kaarbon dioxide u dhigma" baaxad sii dayntaUjeeddooyinka maqaalkan, GWP-yada waxaa laga soo qaatay qiyamka ku taxan 2010 EPA-da US "Warbixinta Waajibka ah ee Gaaska Cagaaran ee sii daaya."
GWPs ee GHG-yada ayaa lagu tixgaliyay falanqayntan:
Kaarboon Dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous Oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Isticmaalka qaraabada GWPs ee GHGs, tirada u dhiganta kaarboon laba ogsaydh (CO2eq) ayaa loo xisaabiyay sida soo socota:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Male: Tamarta, biyaha, iyo macluumaadka qashinka ee ka soo saarida alaabta ceeriin (saliid ama gaasta dabiiciga ah) iyada oo loo marayo soo saarista pellets HDPE ka dibna soo saarista geomembrane HDPE:
5 mm dhumucdiisuna tahay HDPE geomembrane, cufnaanta 940 Kg/m3
HDPE raadraaca kaarboonku waa 1.60 Kg CO2/kg polyetylen (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (qaraar iyo is dulsaaran) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Gaadiidka Malaha: 15.6 m2 / baabuur, 1000 km laga bilaabo warshadda wax soo saarka ilaa goobta shaqada
15 kg CO2/ gal naaftada x gal/3,785 litir = 2.68 Kg CO2/litir naaftada
26 g N2O/gal naaftada x gal/3,785 litir x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/liter naaftada
44 g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 litir x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/litir naaftada
1 litir naaftada = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
Ku sii daaya alaabta xamuulka ee Waddada:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton-mile
Halkee:
E = Wadarta CO2 qiiqa u dhigma (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles ayaa safray
EF CO2 = CO2 factor factor (0.297 kg CO2/ton-mayl)
EF CH4 = CH4 factor factor (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mayl)
EF N2O = N2O factor factor (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mayl)
U beddelashada Unugyada cabbirka:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mayl x 1.102 tan/ton x mayl/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/ton-km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/ton-km
Halkee:
E = Wadarta CO2 qiiqa u dhigma (Kg)
TKT = tonne - kiiloomitir ayaa la safray.
Fogaanta Warshadda Wax-soo-saarka (Sotrafa) ilaa Goobta Shaqada (Malo-awaal) = 1000 km
Culayska caadiga ah ee xamuulka qaada: 15,455 kg / baabuur + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94 / baabuur = 37,451 kg / baabuur
641 baabuur / hektar
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/ baabuur x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 baabuur/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/ton-km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Soo koobida Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Sawir Kaarboon ah
MUUQAALAHA XILDHIBAANADA Dhoobada Is-Jaysan iyo Raad-raaceeda Kaarboon
Xirmooyinka dhoobada is haysta ayaa taariikh ahaan loo isticmaali jiray sida lakabyo xannibaadyo ah oo ku yaal godadka biyaha iyo tas-hiilaadka qashinka lagu ilaaliyo.Shuruudaha caadiga ah ee sharciyeynta dhoobada dhoobada ah waa ugu yaraan dhumucdiisuna tahay 0.6 m, oo leh ugu badnaan hawo-qaadista 1 x 10-11 m / sec.
Habka: dhoobada isha amaahda waxaa lagu qodaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka dhismaha ee caadiga ah, kaas oo sidoo kale ku raraya alaabta gawaarida qashinka ee tri-axle si loogu qaado goobta shaqada.Baabuur kasta waxa loo malaynayaa in uu qaadi karo 15 m3 oo ciid dabacsan.Iyada oo la adeegsanayo cunsur cufan oo ah 1.38, waxa lagu qiyaasay in in ka badan 550 xabo oo carro ah loo baahan doono si loo dhiso 0.6m dhumuc dhoobo ah oo isku xidhan oo dulmaraya dhul hal-hektar ah.
Masaafada u jirta isha amaahda ilaa goobta shaqada, dabcan, waa goob gaar ah oo aad ayey u kala duwanaan kartaa.Ujeeddooyinka falanqayntan, masaafada 16 km (10 mayl) ayaa la qaatay.Gaadiidka laga soo amaahdo dhoobada iyo goobta shaqadu waa qayb weyn oo ka mid ah guud ahaan qiiqa kaarboonka.Dareenka guud ee raad kaarboonka ee isbeddelada ku yimaadda doorsoomaha goobta-gaarka ah ayaa halkan lagu sahamiyey.
Soo koobida Sawirka Raadka Kaarboonka ee Daadka dhoobada is haysta
GUNAANAD
Iyadoo HDPE geomembranes had iyo jeer loo dooran doono waxqabadka ka hor faa'iidooyinka raadka kaarboonka, xisaabinta halkan laga isticmaalo waxay mar kale taageertaa isticmaalka xalka geosynthetic iyada oo loo eegayo joogteynta iyo xalalka dhismaha kale ee caadiga ah.
Geomembrane sida ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm waxaa lagu qeexi doonaa caabbinta kiimikaad sare, sifooyin farsamo oo xooggan, iyo nolosha adeegga muddada dheer;laakiin sidoo kale waa inaan qaadanaa waqti si aan u aqoonsanno in maaddadani ay bixiso qiimeynta kaarboonka kaas oo 3x ka hooseeya dhoobada is haysta.Xitaa haddii aad qiimeyso dhoobo tayo fiican leh iyo goob amaah ah oo 16 km u jirta goobta mashruuca, geomembranes HDPE ee ka imanaya 1000 km ayaa weli ka sarreeya dhoobada la isku dhejiyey ee cabbirka raadka kaarboonka.
Laga soo bilaabo: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Waqtiga boostada: Seb-28-2022